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List of Symbols
The following symbols are used in this thesis:
a……..Area of the affected concrete in fabric formed concrete specimens
A…….Total area of the concrete in fabric formed concrete specimens
Ag……Gross cross-sectional area of concrete
Ast…..Total area of longitudinal column reinforcement
FAC….Flyash concrete
f’c…….Specified compressive strength of concrete
fy…….Specified yield strength of steel reinforcement
k…….Effective length factor for compression members
lu……Unsupported column length
M……Moment at the end of the column (chapter 3)
NC….Normal concrete
Pf……Factored axial load
Pro…..Factored axial load resistance of a reinforced concrete column
r…….Radius of gyration for the column cross-section
R……Rebound Value
s……Center-to-centre spacing of ties
V……Volume of the concrete (chapter 3)
x……Length of the mechanical press lever’s handle (chapter 3)
a1…..Ratio of average stress in rectangular compression block to specified strength (CSA A23.3 Cl.10.1.7)
ß1…..Ratio of depth of compression block to depth of neutral axis (CSA A23.3 Cl.10.1.7)
ρc…..Density of concrete
ρt…..Longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio (column)
φc…..Resistance factor for concrete (CSA A23.3 Cl.8.4.2)
φs…..Resistance factor for steel reinforcement
Additional References
[1] Breteler, Mark Klein, and Pilarczyk, Krystian W. Dikes and Revetments. Delft: A.A. Balkema, 1998.
[2] Brzev, Svetlana, and Pao, John. Reinforced Concrete Design: A Practical Approach. Toronto: Pearson Education, 2006.
[3] Bungey, J. H., and Millard, S. G. Testing of Concrete in Structures. Glasgow: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1996.
[4] Cannon, E. W., and Boyes, R. G. H. “Permeable Woven Fabric Formwork.” Civil Engineering, 1987: 29-33.
[5] Gettu, Ravindra, Bazant, Zdenek P., and Karr, Martha E. “Fracture Properties and Brittleness of High-Strength Concrete.” ACI Materials Journal, 1990: 608-618.
[6] Ibell, Tim, Darby, Antony, and Denton, Steve. “Fabric Formwork for Innovative Concrete Structures.” FRPRCS-9. Sydney, Australia, 2009.
[7] MacGregor, James G., and Bartlett, F. Michael. Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 2000.
[8] Shmantsar, R. N., Kuznetsova, T. A., and Petrova, L. A. “Investigation of Concrete in Absorbing Formwork.” Power Technology and Engineering, 2005: 665-668.
